< Lesson 3 >

 You will learn about Japanese adjectives in lesson-3 and 4.
 There are two kinds of adjectives in Japanese: "true adjective" and "noun adjectives"
  In this lesson, you will learn true adjectives.

 True adjectives-- These are original Japanese adjectives. This one ends in "-i "
 Noun adjectives-- These are nouns of Chinese origin which are used as adjectives,

 A, True adjectives

 (1) Attributive usage   True adjective + noun

 examples
Positive form Negative form
Ookii ie ( big house) Ooki-kunai ie ( not-big house)
Chiisai ie ( small house) Chiisa-kunai ie ( not-small house)
Takai tokei ( expensive watch) Taka-kunai tokei ( not-expensive watch)
Yasui tokei ( cheap watch) Yasu-kunai tokei ( not-cheap watch)
Atarashii kutsu ( new shoes) Atarashi-kunai kutsu ( not-new shoes)
Furui kutsu ( old shoes) Furu-kunai kutsu ( not-old shoes)
Atsui hi ( hot day) Atsu-kunai hi ( not-hot day)
Samui hi ( cold day) Samu-kunai hi ( not-cold day)
Oishii tabemono ( tasty food) Oishi-kunai tabemono ( not-tasty food)
Omoi kaban ( heavy bag) Omo-kunai kaban ( not-heavy bag)
 *Positive attributive usage=> a true adjective ends in "i"sound
 *Negative attributive usage=> final "i" is replaced by "kunai"

 (2) Predicative usage   Subject <wa> true adjective <desu>.  ( You can hear the sentences below.)
 
Positive sentence Negative sentence ( kuwaarimasen or kunai desu)

Kyoo wa atsui desu. ( Today is hot.)

Kyoo wa atsu-kuwaarimasen/atsu-kunaidesu. 
(Today is not hot.)

Kyoo wa samui desu. ( Today is cold.)

Kyoo wa samu-kuwaarimasen/samu-kunaidesu. 
(Today is not cold)

Kore wa chiisai desu. ( This is small.)

Kore wa chiisa-kuwaarimasen/chiisa-kunaidesu. 
(This is not small)

Kono kaban wa omoi desu. ( This bag is heavy)

Kono kaban wa omo-kuwaarimasen/omo-kunaidesu. 
(This bag is not heavy)

 * Question sentence add "ka" after "desu"  <-- desuka ?>
 * In negative sentence, the final  "i "falls away and is replaced by "-kuwaarimasen"or"-kunai desu"
 * "wa" just before "arimasen" is omissible.

 Exercise1  Please give the appropriate answer in Japanese,as shown in example.

  Example:  Kono tokei wa atarashii desuka.
                 (Hai) Kono tokei/Kore wa atarashii desu.
              (Iie)  Kore wa atarashikuwaarimasen. or Kore wa  atarashikunaidesu.

  * In actual Japanese conversation, the subject part is usually omitted in the answer.
    thus  you can say  like"hai, atarashii desu ", " Iie, atarashiku naidesu."

 

 1, Kono niku wa oishii desu ka  * niku=meat
    (Hai)
 2, Nihongo no benkyoo wa muzukashii desu ka * benkyoo=study . *muzukashii=difficult
    (Iie)

 3, Anata no kaisha wa ookii desu ka
    (Iie) 
 4, Ano maaketto wa yasui desu ka* maaketto=market
    (Hai)
 5, Anata no inu wa otonashii desu ka * inu=dog,  * otonashii=quiet
    (Iie)
 6, Kanojo wa utsukushii desu ka * kanojo= she,(Kare=he), utsukushii=beautiful
    (Hai)
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 Exercise 2, Please rewrite the sentences as in example.

  Example:  Kono hon wa atarashii desu.--> Kore wa atarashii hon desu.
                Kono hon wa atarashikunai desu--> Kore wa atarashikunai hon desu.

 1, Sono shinbun wa furui desu.-->
      Sono shinbun wa furukunai desu.-->
      *shinbun=newspaper


 2, Kono tesuto wa yasashii desu.-->
      Kono tesuto wa yasashikunai desu.-->
      *tesuto=test *yasashii= easy


 3, Ano nihongo no jisho wa ii desu.-->
      Ano nihongo no jisho wa yokunai desu.-->
      *jisho=dictionary*ii=good *yokunai=not-good


 4, Sono tori wa utsukushii desu.-->
      Sono tori wa utsukushikunai desu.-->
      * tori= bird


 5, Kono eiga wa omoshiroi desu.-->
      Kono eiga wa omoshirokunai desu.-->
      * eiga=movie, omoshiroi= interesting,amusing

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 In conversation, we use modifying words(adverbs) for adjectives like "very hot ",
 "a bit cold" . I shall now give you the Japanese equivalents of these expressions.

 Basic sentence: Kyoo wa samui desu (Today is cold , It is cold today )

 "very" _expression: Kyoo wa (taihen or totemo) samui desu.(Today is very cold)

 "a little" _expression: Kyoo wa (chotto or sukoshi) samui desu.(Today is a litte cold)

 "not so much"_expression: Kyoo wa( sonnani or amari) samu-kuwaarimasen/kunai desu. (Today is not so cold)

* Please note that"sonnani/amari"is combined with the negative form of the predicate.
* Please put the modifying word immediately before the modified adjective.

 Exercise 3, Please rearrange the follwing words to form sentences,as in the example.

  Example: < atsui, wa, kyoo, chotto, desu>--> Kyoo wa chotto atsui desu.

 1, <taihen, watashi, ureshii, wa, desu> * ureshii=happy, joyful
 2, <Kaban, kono, takai, desu, wa. totemo>
 3, <chotto, hon, muzukashii, wa, desu, sono>
 4, <kono, sonnani, e, utsukushikunai,wa, desu>* e= picture,illustration
 5, <watashi, wakakunai, wa, desu, sonnani>* wakai=young

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 Exercise 4  Please translate the following conversations into Japanese.

 A, What is this food ?
 B. This is Japanese Raamen .
 A, Is this delicious ?
 B, Yes, it is very delicious.
     but,it is little bit hot.

 (but=demo)(food=tabemono)(hot=karai) (Raamen is Japanese noodle soup )
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 C, Where is your car ?
 D, It is here.
 C, This car is so beautiful, isn't it ?
 D, Thank you. But this one is not so new.

 ( "-isn't it ?" form is "desu ne." Just add "ne"( sentence final particle) afrer "desu"

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