In this lesson, you will learn
demonstratives such as "kore/sore/are" and some interrogative words.
Please read well and send me your answers of exercises (if possible)
using Japanese letters. You can use the answer form at the end if you like.
A, Demonstrative pronouns ( Kore, Sore, Are )
Please read exemplary sentences. <You can click here to hear these conversations>
1, Q Kore
wa anata no hon desu ka .( Is this your book ?)
(これは あなたの本ですか。） *ほん＝本
A, Hai, sou desu. Kore wa watashi no
hon desu. ( Yes.quite so, This is my book.)
（はい、そうです。 これは わたしの本です。）
2, Q, Sore
wa anata no kaban desu ka ( Is that your bag ? )
（それは あなたのかばんですか。）
A, Hai, sou desu. Kore wa watashi no
kaban desu. ( Yes.quite so, This is my bag)
（はい、そうです。 これは わたしのかばんです。）
3. Q,Are wa anata
no ie desu ka .( Is that your house ? )
（あれは あなたの家ですか。） *家＝いえ
A, Hai, sou desu. Are wa
watashi no ie desu. ( Yes.quite so, That is my house.)
（はい、そうです。 あれは わたしの家です。）
( * sou desu= quite so or that is right )
< Grammatical notes >
1, "Kore（これ）" means " this one ". "Sore（それ） " "Are（あれ）
" means " that one"
When you use those demonstrative
words, please note the following point.
If the object exists close to you , you refer to the object
by "kore(これ） "
If the object exists close
to the listener , you refer to the object by "Sore（それ）"
If the object exists far
from you and listener, you refer to the object by "Are（あれ）"
2, If
you want to specify the object as "this book ", "that house ", you say
Kono+( object ), Sono+(object
) , Ano+(object)
Example: Kono Hon ( this book), Sono Hito ( that person) , Ano Kuni ( that country )
*Please apply the above rule when you say "kono-- , Sono--, Ano--" style, too.
3, If the object is plural, you can use the following words.
"kore"=> "korera"（これら） e.g
korera wa watashi no desu.( These are mine.)
"kono"=>"korera-no"
（これらの） e.g korera-no hon wa watashi
no(hon) desu.( These books are mine.)
"sore"=>"sorera"（そ
れら） e.g sorera
wa watashi no hon desu. ( Those are my books.)
"sono"=>"sorera-no"
（それらの） e.g sorera-no hon wa watashi
no(hon) desu. ( Those books are mine.)
"are"=>"arera"
（あれら）
e.g arera wa kare no hon desu. ( Those are his books.)
"ano"=>"arera-no"
（あれらの） e.g
arera-no hon wa kare no hon desu. ( Those books are his books.)
Let's do some exercises now.
<Exercise 1> Please make Japanese sentences as in the following example
example
Is this your watch ? ( watch= Tokei )
=>Kore wa anata no tokei desu ka. これは あなたのとけいですか。
1, positive answer
=>Hai. sou desu. Kore wa watashi no tokei desu.
はい、そうです。これは 私のとけいです。
2, negative answer
=>Iie, sou dewaarimasen. Kore wa watshi no tokei
dewaarimasen. いいえ、そうではありません。これは 私のとけいではありません。
1, Is this your father's car ? (
father=otou-san=おとうさん) *Please see topic at the end of the lesson.
1) positive answer ---
2) negative answer ---
2, Is this person your friend
?
1) positive answer ---
2) negative answer ---
3, Are those Japanese
dictionaries yours ? ( yours = anatano＝あなたの )
( the
dictionaries are close to the person to answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
4, Is that camera your camera ? (
camera= kamera＝カメラ )
( the
camera is far from you and the person to answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
5, Is that photo your family
? ( photo = shashin＝しゃしん＝写真)
( the photo is close to the person to answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
B, Demonstrative of location ( Koko, Soko, Asoko )
Please read exemplary sentences. (You can click here to hear this conversation.)
Koko wa anata no ie desu
ka. ( Is this place your home?)
（ここは あなたの家ですか。）
Iie, watashi no ie wa asoko desu.( No,my
home is that place)
（いいえ、わたしの家は あそこです。）
<Grammatical
notes>
*"koko" means "this place " . "soko " and "asoko " means
"that place ".
* In conversation, if the place or building is a little
far from the both persons , they can use "soko" to refer to that.
If the place or building is far from
them, they can use "asoko" to refer to the place they are talikg
about.
<Exercise 2>Please fill in the demonstrative word for location into the blank as in the example.
example: この家はわたしの家ではありません。 kono ie wa watashi no ie dewaarimasen
( ここ ) はわたしのちちの家です。 ( koko) wa watashi no chichi no ie desu
example: あの学校はあなたの学校ですか。 Ano
gakkou wa anata no gakkou desu ka.
はい、（あそこ）はわたしの学
校です。Hai, (asoko) wa watashi no gakkou desu.
*学校＝がっこう
1, あの店はケーキのみせです。Ano mise wa keeki no mise desu. *店＝みせ=shop *ケーキ=cake
（
）はレストランではありません。 ( ) wa
resutoran dewaarimasen.
*レストラン=restaurant
2, この部屋はべんきょうの部屋ですか。Kono
heya wa benkyou no heya desu ka ? *部屋＝へや
=room
はい、（ ）はべんきょうの部屋です。Hai,
( ) wa benkyou no heya desu.
3, そのこうえんは国のこうえんですか。Sono kouen wa kuni no kouen desu
ka.? * こうえん=park ,*国＝くに=nation
いいえ、（ ）は国のこうえんではありません。
Iie, ( ) wa kuni no kouen dewaarimasen.
4, あなたの会社はあのビルですか。Anata no
kaisha wa ano biru desu ka.? *会社＝かいしゃ
はい、そうです。 （ ）はわたしのかいしゃです。Hai, sou desu.
( ) wa watashi no kaisha desu. *ビル=building
5, かれの家はそこですか。 Kare no ie wa soko desu ka?
はい、（ ）
はかれの家です。 Hai, ( ) wa kare no ie
desu.
C, Interrogatives ( Nani, Doko, Dare )
"Nani（なに）" means "What". "Doko（どこ）" means "Where" and "Dare（だれ）" means " who"
* "Dochira（どちら）" in stead of "Doko" is used as a polite
_expression
* "Donata （どな
た）" in stead of "Dare" is used as a polite _expression.
Basic question sentence structure using these interrogatives is as follows
*(Subject,topic) wa nan
desuka ?
example これは なんですか。 . (
What is this ? )
*(subject,topic) wa doko/dochira desuka ?
example. ここは どこ/どちら ですか。.(
Where is this place? )
*(subject,topic)wa dare/donata desu ka
example あなたは だれ/どなた ですか。 (
Who are you ? )
* Say "nan " instead of "nani " before " desu". Don't say "nani desu ka "
Now, how do you answer
these questions ? That is easy!.
Just replace the interrogative word by the word for the
answer .
Examples:
Kore wa nan desu ka（これはなんですか）-->( Tsukue = table)-->Kore
wa Tsukue desu（これは机です。）*机＝つくえ
Koko wa doko desu ka（ここはどこですか）-->( Ginkou=
bank)-->Koko wa Ginkou desu（ここは銀行です。）*銀行=ぎんこう
Anata wa donata desu ka（あなたはどなたですか）-->(
Yamada)-->Watashi wa Yamada desu（私はやまだです。）
<Exercise 3> Please make question and answers in Japanese as in the
example.
Example:
Q ( kore, desu ,ka , wa, nan ) ----- Kore wa nan desu ka
A ( desu, wa, watashi, Kaban , no, kore ) -----Kore wa watashi no ｋaban
desu. ( ｋaban=bag)
1, Q
( anata , nan, shigoto, desu, wa, no, ka )----
A ( watashi ,
desu, shigoto, sensei, no , wa ) ---
* shigoto =job, work * sensei=teacher
2, Q
( doko, kaisha, wa, anata, desu,ka, no)----
A ( kaisha ,
desu, soko, wa, watashi, no)----
* kaisha= company, firm
3, Q (
kono , desu, wa, ka, shashin ,dare )---
A ( desu, wa,
shashin, watashi ,tsuma ,no , kono)--
* shashin=picture, photo, *tsuma = wife
4, Q (
shumi , no, anata ,wa, ka, nan , desu )---
A( wa,
shumi, desu, no, watashi , karaoke)---
* shumi= hobby
5, Q
( anata , ka, wa, iriguchi, no, ie, no, doko, desu)--
A ( desu,wa,
watashi, iriguchi, no,no, ie, koko )--
* iriguchi= entrance , ie=house
6,
Q( sono, eiga, kantoku,no ,desu, ka, wa, dare)--
A ( wa,
desu,kantoku, eiga, no, sono, Kurosawa )--
* eiga=movie *kantoku=director
D, How to make proper question sentence.
Please read the following sentences
1, Koko wa watashi
no ie desu.（ここはわ
たしの家です。） ( This place is my house
)
2, Koko wa watashi no tomodachi no ie desu.（ここは私のともだちの家です。）( This place is my
friend's house)
3, Watashi no ie wa koko desu.
（わたしの家はここです。） ( My house is this place/here )
If
the underlined words of the above 3 sentences are answers for
questions,
how do you make proper questions for each sentence ?
Here are the answers.
1 (Answer) Koko wa watashi
no ie desu <=== (question) Koko wa doko
desu ka （ここはどこですか。）
< This place is my house
>
<Where is this place ? >
2 (Answer) Koko wa watashi no tomodachi no ie
desu. <===( question) Koko wa dare no ie desu
ka. （ここはだれの家ですか。）
<This place is my friend's
house>
<Whose house is this place?>
3 (Answer) Watashi no ie wa koko desu.
<===( question) Anata no ie wa doko desu ka ?
（あなたの家はどこですか。）
< My house is here/this palce
>
< Where is your house ? >
<Exercise 4> Please compose questions appropriate for the
following answer sentences as in the example.
* the
underlined word becomes answer
Example Answer : Watashi wa Suzuki desu ====> Question: Anata wa dare desu ka.
1, Answer: わたしの名前は トムです。Watashi no
namae wa Tom desu.( My name is Tom)
*名前＝なまえ
Question:
_________________________________________________________
2, Answer: わたしの学校は あそこです。Watashi no
gakkou wa asoko desu. ( My school
is there )
Question: _________________________________________________________
3, Answer: このひとは わたしの母です。Kono hito wa watashi
no haha desu. ( This person is my mother)
*母＝はは= mother
Question: _________________________________________________________
4, Answer: あの車は わたしの 車です。Ano kuruma wa watashi
no kuruma desu. ( That car is my car
) *車＝くるま
Question: __________________________________________________________
5, Answer: そのこっきはアメリカの こっきです。Sono
kokki wa Amerika no kokki desu.(
That flag is an American flag ) *こっき= flag
Question: ___________________________________________________________
=================================================================================
<TOPIC> How to say "father", "mother" in Japanese
In Japanese, how to say personal nouns
such as "father"."mother","elder/younger brother","elder/
younger sister"are different depending on whether they refer to
the speaker's family or not..
For example, you can refer to "father" in " my father " as
"chichi （ちち＝父）" ( watashi no chichi).
But, in case of "father" in "your father", it is preferable to
refer as "otou-san (おとうさん＝お父さん）" (anata no otou-san).
Generally speaking, when speaker refers
to own family, the speaker uses modest form like "chichi ".
But, when speaker refers to the other family, the speaker uses
honorific form which is "otou-san".
I show you other examples here.
(mother)
my mother-- watashi no haha＝わたしの はは (母）
your mother--anata no okaa-san＝あなたの おかあさん （お母さん）
his mother--kare no okaa-san＝かれの おかあさん （お母さん）
(older brother)
my older brother--watashi no ani ＝わたしの あに
（兄）
your older brother--anata no onii-san＝あなたの おにいさん （お兄さん）
her older brother--kanojo no onii-san＝かのじょの おにい
さん （お兄さん）
(younger brother)
my younger brother--watashi no otouto=わたしの おとうと
（弟）
your younger brother--anata no otouto-san＝あなたの おとうとさん （弟さん）
his younger brother--kare no otouto-san ＝か
れの おとうとさん （弟さん）
(older sister)
my older sister--watashi no ane＝わたしの あね
（姉）
your older sister--anata no onee-san＝あなたの おねえさん （お姉さん）
Mr.Mori's older sister--Mori-san no onee-san＝もり
さんの おねえさん（お姉さん）
(younger sister)
my younger sister--watashi no imouto ＝わたしの いもうと（妹）
your younger sister--anata no imouto-san＝あなたの いもうとさん（妹さん）
Mr.Ito's younger sister-Ito-san no imouto-san ＝いとうさんの いもうとさん（妹
さん）
---end of lesson-2-----------------------------------------------------------------