In this lesson,
you will learn demonstratives such as "kore/sore/are" and some
interrogative words.
Please read well and send me your answers of exercises in this
lesson via e-mail.
You can also use the form at the end to send your answers.
A, Demonstrative pronouns ( Kore, Sore, Are )
Please read exemplary sentences. <You can hear these sentences.>
1, Q Kore
wa anata no hon desu ka .( Is this your book ?)
A, Hai, sou desu. Kore wa watashi no
hon desu. ( Yes.quite so, This is my book.)
2, Q, Sore
wa anata no kaban desu ka ( Is that your bag ? )
A, Hai, sou desu. Kore wa watashi no
Kaban desu. ( Yes.quite so, This is my bag)
3. Q, Are
wa anata no ie desu ka .( Is that your house ? )
A, Hai, sou desu. Are wa
watashi no ie desu. ( Yes.quite so, That is my house.)
( * Sou desu= quite so or that
is right )
< Grammatical notes >
* "KORE"
means " this one ". "SORE " "ARE " means " that one"
When you use those demonstrative
words, please note the following point.
If the object exists close to you , you refer to the object
by "Kore "
If the object exists close
to the listener , you refer to the object by "Sore"
If the object exists far
from you and listener, you refer to the object by "Are"
* If you want to specify the object as "this book ", "that house
", you say
KONO+( object ), SONO+(object
) , ANO+(object)
Example: Kono Hon ( this book), Sono Hito ( that person) , Ano Kuni ( that country )
*Please apply the above rule when you say "kono-- , Sono--, Ano--" style, too.
* If the object is plural, you can use the following words.
"kore"=> "korera"
e.g korera wa watashi no desu.( These are mine.)
"kono"=>"korera-no"
e.g korera-no hon wa watashi no(hon) desu.( These books are
mine.)
"sore"=>"sorera"
e.g sorera wa watashi no hon desu. ( Those are my books.)
"sono"=>"sorera-no"
e.g sorera-no hon wa watashi no(hon) desu. ( Those books
are mine.)
"are"=>"arera"
e.g arera wa kare no hon desu. ( Those are his books.)
"ano"=>"arera-no"
e.g arera-no hon wa kare no hon desu. ( Those books are his
books.)
Let's do some exercises now.
<Exercise 1> Please make Japanese sentences as in the following example
example Is this your watch ? ( watch= tokei
)--Kore wa anata no tokei desu ka.
1, positive answer --- Hai. sou desu. Kore wa watashi no tokei
desu.
2, negative answer --- Iie, sou dewa- arimasen. Kore wa watshi no tokei
dewa-arimasen.
1, Is this your father's car ? (
father=otou-san) *Please see topic at the end of the lesson.
1) positive answer ---
2) negative answer ---
2, Is this person your friend ?
(friend=tomodachi) ---
1) positive answer ---
2) negative answer ---
3, Are those Japanese
dictionaries yours ? ( yours = anata no )
( the
dictionaries are close to the person to answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
4, Is that camera your camera ? (
camera= kamera )
( the
camera is far from the person who ask and the person who answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
5, Is that photo your family
? ( photo = shashin)
( the photo is close to the person who answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
B, Demonstrative of location ( Koko, Soko, Asoko )
Please read exemplary sentences. (You can click here to hear this conversation.)
Koko
wa anata no ie desu ka. ( Is this place your
home?)
Iie, watashi no ie wa asoko desu.( No,my
home is that place)
<Grammatical notes>
*"koko" means "this place " . "soko " and "asoko "
means "that place ".
* In conversation, if the place or building is a little far from the
both persons , they can use "soko" to refer to that.
If the place or building is far
from them, they can use "asoko" to refer to the place they are
talikg about.
<Exercise 2> Please fill in the demonstrative word for location into the blank as shown in the example.
example: Kono ie wa
watashi no ie dewa-arimasen. ( koko ) wa watashi no chichi
no ie desu.
example: Ano gakkou wa
anata no gakkou desu ka ? Hai, ( asoko ) wa
watashi no gakkou desu.
1, Ano mise wa keeki no mise
desu. ( ) wa resutoran
dewa-arimasen. *mise=shop
,keeki=cake , resutoran=restaurant
2,
Kono heya wa benkyou no heya desu ka ? Hai,
( ) wa benkyou no heya desu.
*heya=room
3, Sono kouen wa kuni no kouen
desu ka.? Iie, ( ) wa kuni no kouen
dewa-arimasen. * kouen=park , kuni=nation
4,
Anata no kaisha wa ano biru desu ka.? Hai, soo desu.
( ) wa watashi no kaisha desu.
*biru=building
5, kare no ie wa soko desu
ka? Hai, ( ) wa kare no ie desu.
C, Interrogatives ( Nani, Doko, Dare )
"NANI " means "What". "DOKO" means "Where" and "DARE" means " who"
* "DOCHIRA " in stead of "Doko" is used as a polite _expression
* "DONATA" in stead of "Dare" is used
as a polite _expression.
Basic question sentence structure using these interrogatives is as follows
*(Subject,topic) wa nan desuka ?
example Kore wa nan
desuka . ( What is this ? )
*(subject,topic) wa doko/dochira
desuka ?
example. Koko wa
doko/dochira desuka.( Where isthis place? )
*(subject,topic)wa dare/donata desu ka
example Anata wa
dare/donata desuka. ( Who are you ? )
* Say "nan " instead of "nani " before " desu". Don't say "nani desu ka "
Now,
how do you answer these questions ? That is easy!.
Just replace the interrogative word by the word for the
answer .
Examples: Kore wa nan desu ka --> ( Tsukue =
table)--> Kore wa Tsukue desu.
Koko wa doko desu ka-->( Ginkou= bank)--> Koko wa Ginkou
desu.
Anata wa donata desu ka-->( Yamada)-->
Watashi wa Yamada desu.
<Exercise 3> Please make question and answers in Japanese as in the example. (word order exercise)
Example: Q ( kore,
desu ,ka , wa, nan ) ----- Kore wa nan desu ka
A ( desu, wa, watashi, kaban , no, kore ) -----Kore wa watashi no kaban
desu.
1, Q ( anata , nan, shigoto,
desu, wa, no, ka )----
A ( watashi ,
desu, shigoto, sensei, no , wa ) ---
* shigoto =job, work * sensei=teacher
2, Q ( doko, kaisha, wa, anata,
desu,ka, no)----
A ( kaisha ,
desu, soko, wa, watashi, no)----
* kaisha= company, firm
3, Q ( kono , desu, wa, ka, shashin ,dare )---
A ( desu, wa,
shashin, watashi ,tsuma ,no , kono)--
* shashin=picture, photo, tsuma = wife
4, Q ( shumi , no, anata ,wa, ka, nan , desu
)---
A( wa,
shumi, desu, no, watashi , karaoke)---
* shumi= hobby
5, Q ( anata , ka, wa, Iriguchi, no, ie,
no, doko, desu)--
A ( desu,wa,
watashi, Iriguchi, no,no, ie, koko )--
* Iriguchi= entrance , ie=house
6, Q( sono, eiga, kantoku,no
,desu, ka, wa, dare)--
A ( wa,
desu, kantoku, eiga, no, sono, Kurosawa )--
* eiga=movie, kantoku=director
D, How to make proper question sentence.
Please read the following sentences
1, Koko wa watashi no ie
desu. ( This
place is my house )
2, Koko wa tomodachi no ie desu.
( This place is friend's house)
3, Watashi no ie wa
koko desu. ( My house is this place/here )
If the underlined words of the
above 3 sentences are answers for questions, how do you make
proper questions
for each sentence ? Here are the answers.
1 (Answer) Koko wa watashi no ie
desu <------ (question) Koko wa
doko desu ka
< This place is my house
>
<Where is this place ? >
2 (Answer) Koko wa tomodachi no
ie desu. <------( question) Koko wa dare no ie
desu ka.
<This place is friend's
house>
<Whose house is this place?>
3 (Answer) Watashi no ie wa koko
desu. <------ ( question) Anata no ie wa doko
desu ka ?
< My house is here/this palce
>
< Where is your house ? >
<Exercise
4> Please compose questions appropriate for the following
answer sentences
as in the example.* the
underlined word becomes answer
Example Answer : Watashi wa Suzuki desu ====> Question: Anata wa dare desu ka.
1, Answer:
Watashi no namae wa Tom desu.( My name is Tom)
Question:
2, Answer:
Watashi no gakkou wa asoko desu. ( My school is there
)
Question
3, Answer: Kono
hito wa watashi no haha desu. ( This person is my mother)
*haha= mother
Question
4, Answer: Ano
kuruma wa watashi no kuruma desu. ( That car is my car )
Question
5, Answer: Sono
kokki wa Amerika no kokki desu. ( That flag is an American
flag ) *kokki= flag
Question
=================================================================================
<TOPIC> How to say "father", "mother"
in Japanese
In Japanese, how
to say personal nouns such as "father"."mother","elder/younger
brother","elder/
younger sister"are different depending on whether they refer to
the speaker's family or not..
For example, you can refer to "father" in " my father " as
"chichi" ( watashi no chichi).
But, in case of "father" in "your father", it is preferable to
refer as "otou-san" (anata no otou-san).
Generally
speaking, when speaker refers to own family, the spaeker uses modest
form like "chichi".
But, when speaker refers to the other family, the speaker uses
honorific form like "otou-san".
I show you other examples here.
(mother)
my mother-- watashi no haha
your mother--anata no okaa-san / his mother--kare no okaa-san
(older brother)
my older brother--watashi no ani
your older brother--anata no onii-san / her older brother--kanojo no
onii-san
(younger
brother)
my younger brother--watashi no otouto
your younger brother--anata no otouto-san / his younger
brother--kare no otouto-san
(older sister)
my older sister--watashi no ane
your older sister--anata no onee-san / Mr.Mori's older
sister--Mori-san no onee-san
(younger
sister)
my younger sister--watashi no imouto
your younger sister--anata no imouto-san/Mr.Ito's younger
sister-Ito-san no imouto-san
--------------------------------------------end oflesson-2---------------------------